Once Upon A Psychological Theory Essays - Freudian Psychology

Once Upon A Psychological Theory Once Upon A Psychological Theory An Analysis of Psychological Hypotheses in Fairy Tales and Their Affect on Childhood Development INDEX I. Personal Statement II. Introduction III. Piaget A. Childhood Development i. Sensory-Motor Stage ii. Preoperational Stage ii. Stage Of Concrete Operations iii. Stage Of Formal Operations IV. Erikson A. Autonomy And Social Development i. Theory ii. ?The Goose Girl? V. Freud A. The Id, The Ego And The Super Ego i. Theory ii. ?The Three Little Pigs? B. Oedipus i. The Myth Of Oedipus ii. Theory ii. ?Snow White And The Seven Dwarfs? iii. ?Cinderella? iv. ?Rapunzel? VI. Conclusion VII. Bibliography PERSONAL STATEMENT ?The object of psychology is to give us a totally different idea of the things we know best.? -Paul Val?ry ?Once upon a time..?, perhaps one of the single most famous phrases, the key that opens the door to a world of fantasy, enchantment and entertainment, the world of fairy tales. Fairy tales can mean different things to different people, each finds a different type of sanctuary within the realm of the make belief. Children may like fairy tales because good triumphs over evil; adults may favor them because they trigger childhood nostalgia; in the end, everything boils down to the fact that fairy tales were written to be enjoyed, and have become universally beloved. For my personal project, I decided to take Paul Val?ry's notion of psychology's objective to a universal level, by psychoanalyzing the effects of fairy tales. I chose psychology because it's the field that I wish to pursue in post-secondary studies. The idea of fairy tales naturally sprung into mind after my initial choice to do a paper on psychology, as the notion of psychology and fairy tales was not completely inane, nor alien, and fairy tales are a substance with which the majority of the population has had relations. I decided to demonstrate, in depth, the hidden effects of fairy tales, to uncover a different perspective of this timeless method of amusement. After thorough research of Piaget's developmental psychology, I concluded the best way to illustrate the ?alter ego? of fairy tale repercussions was by outlining the fact that many of these mythical stories are correlated with psychological theories of behavioral conduct, and how they affect behavioral developments. Subseque ntly, I conducted a survey, of 75 adults and children, to establish the most popular of the world's fairy tales, and from the results, researched various psychological theories and where they were applied in the five important fairy tales. This project was also ideal in respects to the areas of interaction, as it encompasses the principles of Homo Faber, Health and Social Sciences, and Environment. Fairy tales, a manifestation of the human imagination, embraced the ideals of Homo Faber, as they are original and created by man. In respects to Environment, fairy tales constitute an aspect of a child's environment, as an environment is the external conditions or objects that influence the development of a person. Psychology is the science of mental health, and as it is the central theme of this project, the project directly falls into the category of Health and Social Sciences. INTRODUCTION Developmental psychology is the study of the human mind across the life span. Unlike other areas of psychology--personality, cognitive, social--developmental psychology is explicitly concerned with how the rules of human behavior change over time. All of the methods used in psychology can be, and are, applied to the study of development. These range from neurobiological studies of the brain's growth to studies of the effect of social context on a child's future behavior. There is currently no overarching theory of developmental psychology, but there are several approaches to which researchers more or less adhere. One useful way of categorizing these theoretical approaches is based on the way each theory passes the developmental trajectory. Some theories, called stage theories, divide the life span into qualitatively different segments. Jean Piaget introduced the most influential stage theory, in fact, the most influential theory in developmental psychology, in books and papers written in the 1920s and the decades after. Piaget suggested that children went through four stages of development through their childhood, during which qualitatively different rules applied to their behavior and growth. Although there were some similarities between the stages and some rules of behavior that applied throughout the life course, Piaget argued that the best way to understand development

How to Revise, Edit and Proofread Your Writing

How to Revise, Edit and Proofread Your Writing How to Revise, Edit and Proofread Your Writing How to Revise, Edit and Proofread Your Writing By Ali Hale Whatever sort of writing you do, it’s important to revise and edit your work – especially if you write academic essays, or articles or short stories that you’ll be submitting to editors. However much time you took over the piece on the first draft, you’ll always find a few mistakes to correct. This is the method that I’ve used for years when writing essays or short stories, to ensure they’re as good as possible before a lecturer or editor gets to see them! Do nothing (for a day or two) Set your work aside for a period of time – don’t hit ‘Save’ on the first draft then start again straight away on the second pass. You’ll come to the work afresh if you leave it alone for a while. As Michael said in Write First, Edit Later: Let your writing sit for a while. It may make more sense if you sleep on it. Or, it may make less sense after you have slept on it. At least you’ll know which. For essays, try to allow at least a day. Short stories can sometimes need longer – your mind will carry on mulling over the ideas whilst you’re doing other things. And many novelists advise putting your novel aside for at least a month before starting the revision process. Revision Read over your whole piece quite quickly. Circle any typos and mistakes that you spot, but concentrate on overall flow. If its an essay, check for any gaps in logic or any sides of the argument you might have missed. If its a short story, do any passages drag – or go too fast? Print out the first draft, and read through the whole thing, concentrating on the overall flow of the piece. Circle any typos or mistakes that you notice, but focus on the big picture. If it’s an essay, are there any logical missteps, points you’ve not backed up, or angles to the argument that you’ve missed? If it’s fiction, do any scenes drag or go too fast, and are there any plot holes or inconsistencies of characterisation? This is the stage to sort out any big problems. I often rewrite the whole thing (especially when working on fiction), starting afresh with a blank document on the computer. If you’re better than me at getting it right first time, you may not need to do that – but you could find yourself cutting out whole paragraphs, adding in new material, and changing the direction of the piece. After you’ve done this, you might want to ask a friend, classmate or colleague to read the piece. Tell them not to look for tiny errors like typos or clumsy sentences at this stage: ask whether they think it’s broadly OK, or if they have any reservations about the overall direction of the article or story. Editing and proofreading Once you’ve sorted out the big picture, you can start fixing any individual sentences and words. Again, it’s a good idea to print out the document and do this on paper: I find I miss errors on screen (especially typos which are valid words, such as â€Å"they’re† for â€Å"their†). Look out for: Typos and misspellings (a good tip here is to read backwards! You’ll go much more slowly, focussing on every individual word). Clumsy sentences and confusing or misleading phrasing (try reading your work aloud). Unnecessary words (check for the ones in Five Words You Can Cut). Commonly misused or confused words (there’s a whole list of these in the Misused Words category). If you’re not 100% sure about a spelling, double-check with a dictionary: try Merriam-Webster for clear, succinct definitions. When you can’t quite find the right word, using a thesaurus can help (again, Merriam-Webster is good). Do you have a great tip for revising and editing your work? Or do you have a horror story about an occasion when you handed in a first draft with a glaring error..? Share your experiences in the comments below! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesExpanded and Extended50 Synonyms for â€Å"Villain†

Is Facebook Growimg Up Too Fast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Is Facebook Growimg Up Too Fast - Essay Example 1). The company creates technologies that would enhance its goal of sharing information and interaction by individuals with people they know â€Å"in a trusted environment† (About Facebook par. 1) in line with its mission of providing â€Å"people the power to share and make the world more open and connected† (Facebook Announces par. 7). In just two years after its launch in February 2004, Facebook reached more than 8 million users in the U.S. alone (Yadav par. 1). And the increase in membership has been accelerating on a daily basis. But can this unprecedented increase in membership be a sufficient parameter to determine Facebook’s success as a social networking site. Brad Stone published an article in New York Times that attempts to provide answers to this question. Stone said Facebook reached a near 200 million users mark in just five years which has doubled in just eight months (as of August 2008), making it a major â€Å"social ecosystem† (Stone par. 2). Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg does not view such quantity a success â€Å"but the percentage of the wired world that uses the site and the amount of information - photographs, news articles and status updates – zipping across its servers† (Stone par. 9). Currently, one million users are added to its membership daily, 70 percent of whom come from other countries that joined when the services are offered in the local languages. Through Facebook, individuals are able to reconnect with lost relatives and friends, and create new bonds as well. It also became a launching pad for activism in 2008 and cut across social boundaries (friendship created between a school teacher and a prime minister). Dissatisfaction occurred among members when a new design and terms of service were introduced. Within the community, 2.5 million joined â€Å"Millions Against Facebook’s New Layout and Terms of Service† to oppose the dissemination of status updates (e.g. going to lunch) (Stone